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Males-females differences in the spectrum of chromosomal aberrations in the group of nanocomposites production workers
Rössnerová, Andrea ; Pelcová, D. ; Ždímal, Vladimír ; Elzeinova, Fatima ; Margaryan, Hasmik ; Chvojková, Irena ; Topinka, Jan ; Schwarz, Jaroslav ; Ondráček, Jakub ; Koštejn, Martin ; Komarc, M. ; Vlčková, Š. ; Fenclová, Z. ; Lischková, L. ; Dvořáčková, Š. ; Rössner ml., Pavel
An increase in the use of nanomaterials (NM) has been witnessed in many areas of human life. Therefore, assessment of genotoxicity of NM and nanoparticles (NP) is one of the main objectives of genetic toxicology. Despite this fact, human cytogenetic studies following the exposure to NP are still rare. Moreover, no relevant information on possible differences in sensitivity to NP related to gender is available.\n\nIn this study we periodically (in September 2016, 2017 and 2018; pre-shift and post-shift each year) analyzed a group of workers (both genders), working long time in nanocomposites research, and matched controls. Aerosol exposure monitoring of particulate matter including nano-sized fractions was carried out during working shift. Micronucleus assay using Human Pan Centromeric probes, was applied to distinguish, besides the frequency of total MN in binucleated cells (BNC), also other types of chromosomal damage (losses and breaks). Moreover, whole-chromosome painting (WCP) for autosome #1 and both gonosomes (X and Y) were applied in third sampling period (2018) with the aim to identify the particular structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations.\n\nObtained results showed: (i) differences in the risk of exposure to NP related to individual working processes (welding, smelting and machining); (ii) differences in chemical composition of nano-fraction; (iii) no effect of chronic exposure of NP (total MN) opposite to significant effect of acute exposure; (iv) gender-related DNA damage differences (females seem to be more sensitive to chromosomal losses). Additional data from WCP suggested increased frequency of numerical aberrations in gonosomes.
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The comparism of dose aquivalents interventional radiology and cardiology
GOMOLOVÁ, Iveta
The main topics of this work are personal doses of ionizing radiation and their comparison with workers in the interventional radiology and interventional cardiology. National Radiation Protection draws attention to the fact that doses of interventional cardiologists are higher than doses of interventional radiologists. In the framework of this bachelor thesis it was examined whether this hypothesis is true for the assisting mid staff, range of the doses and what to do to reduce them. The doses for radiology assistant and nurses assisting with the operations in interventional cardiology and nurses assisting with performances in interventional radiology were compared over a period of seven years for these purposes. These data are processed by methods of descriptive statistics and recorded in graphic form. The theoretical part of the thesis mentions properties of ionizing radiation. It explains the interaction of ionizing radiation with matter and cells and its effects on human health. Finally, the issue of radiation hygiene in terms of occupational exposure and the legislation that governs records of dosage parameters throughout the European Union is outlined it the thesis as well. The practical part deals with personal dose equivalents of individual employees of interventional cardiology and interventional radiology obtained from the Prague Institute of National Service of Personal Dosimetry, which evaluates these doses. Given the results, both hypotheses can be considered as confirmed. This confirmation is caused by lower number of employees and lower number of IC workplaces that focus on larger numbers of patients. This implies that the reduction of occupational exposure is achieved with a sufficient number of qualified personnel to enable more frequent substitution, proactive approach in compliance with radiation hygiene and very good cooperation of the entire team. The work's benefits can be seen especially in the ODE quantification differences within IC and IR and in defining the possibility of reducing the radiation load.
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